CRISPR Nad4 signal in BAL specimens from South Africa distinguished patients who were PCP positive and PCP negative with 100% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity, exceeding CRISPR Gsc1 (73.3% sensitivity / 75.0% specificity) and RT-qPCR Nad4 (60.0% sensitivity / 83.3% sensitivity) diagnostic performance (Figure 5D, Table 3, and Supplemental Figure 6A). The gene discussed is MT-ND4; the disease is pneumocystosis.