Enhanced T-cell attachment and transfer of Nef to B cells by TCR stimulation (Figure 6) may override constraints of infection-mediated CD4+ T-cell cytoskeletal impairment (Campbell et al., 2004; Jolly et al., 2004; Stolp et al., 2009), particularly by antagonizing reduced motility (Stolp et al., 2012), resulting in in vivo ‘filtering’ of enhanced cognate CD4+ T-cell interaction with cognate B cells. Here, S100B is linked to infection.