AKT1 and infection: Given that Akt is also a survival mediator, Nef-G63E mutation may be T helper cell (Th)-cytopathic and decrease Th dysfunctional expansion (Baumjohann et al., 2013), as had been observed in LCMV strain WE (Recher et al., 2004) and chronic HIV/SIV (Gray et al., 2011; Lindqvist et al., 2012; Petrovas et al., 2012) infections.