TNF and Alzheimer disease: In the DNCB-induced AD group, the expressions of IL-13 (p = 0.0001), IL-4 (p = 0.7082), IFN-γ (p = 0.0070), and TNF-α (p = 0.0087) significantly increased compared with those in the normal group, and were significantly reduced by the administration of LF216EV compared with those in the control group (p = 0.0024 for IL-13, p = 00275 for IL-4, p = 0.0368 for IFN-γ, and p = 0.0007 for TNF-α).