When replacing standard insulin autoantibodies (IAA) with oxPTM-INS-Ab diabetes risk increased to 100% in children with oxPTM-INS-Ab+ in combination with autoantibodies to GAD (GADA) and IA-2 (IA-2A), compared to 84.37% in those with IAA/GADA/IA-2A (p=0.04) (95). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.