Spearman correlation analysis revealed positive associations (|r|>0.6, all P<0.05) between Verrucomicrobia, Verrucomicrobiae, Verrucomicrobiales, Akkermansiaceae, Akkermansia, and uncultured_Akkermansia_sp and biomarkers related to ulcerative colitis and liver injury, except for the correlation involving colonic claudin-1, α-catenin, and β-catenin (Figure 5D). Here, CLDN1 is linked to ulcerative colitis.