One of these peptides is angiotensin IV (AngIV) which gained some interest as a potential mediator of heart disease as several studies have demonstrated that AngIV activates nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and related proinflammatory genes in vascular smooth muscle cells, contributing to vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases [24]. Here, AGT is linked to atherosclerosis.