VEGFA and neoplasm: Oxidative stress is involved in the regulation of several biological processes, activating transcription factors such as NF-κB, AP1, p53, HIF-1α, PPARγ, Ras, Raf, β-linked protein/Wnt, p38α, VEGF, and NRF2, and regulating related enzymatic activities such as ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, MMP, thus significantly shaping tumor development.15