SOD1 and ulcerative colitis: The current study is in line with several others [44, 45] stating that P. oleracea L. ethanol extract effectively prevents ulcerative colitis caused by dextran sulfate sodium by inhibiting oxidative stress response through the MDA, NO, and SOD activities, as well as by lowering the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6.