TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prediabetes, marked by elevated blood sugar levels, greatly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).1 Both the World Health Organization and the American Diabetes Association identify it as a critical public health concern requiring preventive measures.2,3 Research links its development to chronic low-grade inflammation, evidenced by increased levels of markers such as IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-6.4,5 Additionally, research has identified specific genes associated with diabetes.