Concurrently, we identified 9 causal plasma proteins associated with AF (Wald ratio MR, FDR < 0.05), of which 6 proteins were found to increase the risk of AF (member RAS oncogene family (RAB1A), spondin 1 (SPON1), cofilin-2 (CFL2), hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (HAGH), annexin A4 (ANXA4), and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2 (BDH2)) and three proteins decrease the AF risks (cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), phosphofructokinase, muscle (PFKM), and PLG) (Figure 1, Supplementary Table S3). This evidence concerns the gene PFKM and atrial fibrillation.