Moreover, the administration of Hamp synthetic peptide at or before the time of infection had a positive impact on the survival of medaka (Oryzias latipes) (Wang et al. 2010a) and European sea bass (Cervera et al. 2024), although the administration of Hamp-expressing plasmid did the opposite in European sea bass (Cervera et al. 2023). Here, HAMP is linked to infection.