In vitro coculture experiments have demonstrated that LSECs and metastatic tumor cells interact via ICAM‐1/LFA‐1, promoting the release of tumor‐derived PGE‐2, IL‐6, VEGF, and MMPs, as well as LSEC‐derived IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α into the TME [245]. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.