In contrast to RATIONALE-309, OS and PFS benefit in JUPITER-02 were greater in the PD-L1-negative (<1%) subgroup versus both the PD-L1-positive (≥1%) subgroup and the entire trial population (PD-L1-any); the reason(s) for these seemingly counterintuitive findings are unknown although it may be that the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in recurrent or metastatic NPC is relatively independent of PD-L1 expression. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.