VEGFA and neoplasm: Similarly, alterations in markers like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and molecular pathways involved in cell cycle regulation contribute to tumor growth and metastasis [4]. HER-2/neu, also called c-erbB-2, stands for “human epidermal growth factor receptor 2”, and is a cell membrane-bound receptor localized on chromosome 17q21 that encodes a growth factor-like molecule with tyrosine kinase activity [5].