TNF and Parkinson disease: Compared with the CTRL group, TNF-α level was upregulated in the SN of PD rats, whereas EGCG decreased TNF-α level; moreover, EGCG did not increase TNF-α level in the SN of PD rats when CID755673 was used to inhibit the PKD1 expression and Ad-PARP-1 was used to activate the Parthanatos (Figure 5a).