We further demonstrated that senescent cell markers P53, P21, γ-H2AX, and COX2 are highly expressed in cortical neurons in the brain tissue of drug-resistant epilepsy with different pathologies, but not in control brain tissues with no history of epilepsy (Figure 5, D–G, Figure 6, A–D and F, and Supplemental Figures 6 and 7). Here, TP53 is linked to epilepsy.