Previous reports revealed that the C3 protein enhances TbCSV replication, prompting us to investigate whether the decreased accumulation of TbCSVdC3 can be attributed to the impaired virus replication, using a local infection assay as described previously with minor modifications (Sun et al. 2020; Wu et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2021; Chang et al. 2022). The gene discussed is C3; the disease is infection.