By comparing the groups of MPNST with neurofibroma, the results revealed significant increases in 9 out of 11 genes (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL2A1, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL4A5, COL4A6, COL11A1), and decreases in 2 out of 11 genes (COL4A3, COL4A4) (Fig. 1A), highlight a role of collagens during MPNST transformation. The gene discussed is COL4A4; the disease is malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.