In summary, along with the recent observation that the body weight lowering effects of GIP may to some extend translate to humans [961], GIPR:GLP-1R co-agonism has emerged as a valuable and highly effective strategy for the management of obesity and T2D, and with comparable safety relative to best-in-class GLP-1R agonists [178,[970], [971], [972], [973], [974], [975], [976],979,983]. This evidence concerns the gene GIP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.