GIPR and atherosclerosis: Nonetheless, in contrast to these data indicating that GIPR agonism might be pro-atherogenic, higher glucose-stimulated GIP secretion is associated with lower LDL cholesterol and higher HDL cholesterol, independent of insulin in both men and women [496], and treatment of hypercholesterolemic LDLR-deficient mice with a long-acting GIPR agonist decreases LDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis at doses subthreshold to affect food intake and body weight [903].