Unlike RWPE1 (WT nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cells) and RWPE1_ev (RWPE1 cells stably expressing empty vector) cells, RWPE1_ex9 (RWPE1 cells stably overexpressing PVT1 exon 9) cells formed tumors in vivo that have been histologically characterized as small cell (neuroendocrine) PCa subtype (7) suggestive of the role PVT1 exon 9 overexpression plays in NEPC development. Here, PVT1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.