Reviews exploring IESS aetiology and treatment have largely focused on animal models,11, 12, 13 which are inherently limited by their inability to represent a wide range of aetiological mechanisms, generate a typical epileptic spasm with hypsarrthymia on EEG, and use ACTH/corticosteroid formulations generally not prescribed in children. Here, POMC is linked to Epileptic spasm.