The positive effects of these dietary interventions may be partly mediated by the improvement in leptin resistance and, consequently, the reduction in leptin levels, countering inflammation in MS, as previously suggested in diabetes and other complications associated with obesity (Montserrat-de la Paz et al., 2021; Pérez-Pérez et al., 2020a, 2020b). This evidence concerns the gene LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.