BAX and cancer: It has been demonstrated that ALA induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by significantly inhibiting Bcl-2 expression and increasing Bax expression in various cancer cell lines such as OSA, HepG2, and MCF-7 (Lei et al. 2012; Khan et al. 2012; Liu et al. 2018, 2019; Zhang et al. 2019).