Oxidative stress disrupts cellular function in multiple ways including mitochondrial dysfunction, altered molecular pathways, deregulation in cell cycle control, cell death, inflammation, and impairment of the antioxidant systems not only in β-cells, leading to its dysfunction or death but also in the insulin-dependent and insulin-independent peripheral tissues, resulting in systemic insulin resistance and chronic damage and dysfunction (14, 16, 17). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.