Our results identified a variety of LPAs and LPCs, and LPC-Os with higher fold change values (>2.4) and VIP values (>1.8) that were significantly elevated in HoFH patients compared to non-FH subjects (Fig. 2A), and those lysophospholipid alterations mainly consist of several long-chain fatty acyls, including palmitoyl (16:0), stearyl (18:0), palmitoleoyl (16:1), oleyl (18:1), and arachidonyl (20:4). The gene discussed is VIP; the disease is homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.