IRF1 and CASP1 demonstrated superior diagnostic efficacy for CD (AUC 0.674 and 0.606, respectively) and terminal ileum CD (AUC 0.723 and 0.832, respectively), with lower efficacy for colonic CD (AUC 0.664 and 0.559, respectively) (Figure 8D). This evidence concerns the gene IRF1 and Cowden disease.