For example, CDH18 was shown to inhibit invasion/migratory ability and chemoresistance via ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 (UQCRC2) in gliomas,and reduce malignancy in gastric cancer via the constitutive photomorphogenesis 1 (COP1)-PI3K/AKT pathway axis (Zhao et al., 2023; Bai et al., 2018). Here, COP1 is linked to gastric cancer.