EPCAM and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: EpCAM overexpression was found in 98% and 100% cancer cells respectively in metastatic stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EACA) and associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients (Krishnamurthy and Jimeno, 2018; Ahamadi-Fesharaki et al., 2019).