Notably, in mesothelioma cell line MPP89 compared to normal mesothelial cells HMC35, we observed a substantial increase in the expression of key inflammatory genes, including IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL8, CCL2, ICAM, NFKB2, HMOX, BIRC3, CSF, and IRF1, compared to normal primary mesothelial cells HMC35 (Fig. 3C). Here, CSF2 is linked to mesothelioma.