Similar to cardiac-specific heterozygous PDE4D knockout mice, PDE4D+/− mice prevented TAC-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction (Figs. S19C and S19D, Table S5), hypertrophy (Figure S20A, S20B and S20F), apoptosis, excessive ROS formation and MDA content (Figs. S20C and S20F). Here, PDE4D is linked to persistent truncus arteriosus.