Despite its established role in T1D pathogenesis, 2 clinical trials investigating IL-1β blockade in recent-onset T1D patients with canakinumab (treatment: 47 patients, placebo: 22 patients; adults and pediatrics) and anakinra (treatment: 35 patients, placebo: 34 patients; adults only) did not show efficacy as shown by 2-hour AUC C-peptide (Moran et al, 2013). Here, IL1B is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.