In another investigation, the effect of osmotin on in vitro cell coltures and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) was investigated, exploiting the phosphorylation of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), thus attenuating PD-associated pathology. The gene discussed is ADIPOR1; the disease is Parkinson disease.