However, in contrast to the studies above, in our present study, we found that C. sinensis infection (49-day post-infection) suppressed colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α without increaseing IL-10 production, suggesting that C. sinensis-induced suppression of colitis is IL-10-independent and another potential mechanism is involved. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is colitis.