Also, associative studies in patients show that the level of CHI3L1 in circulation inversely correlates with the recovery of the ventricular function after MI; however, the causative role of CHI3L1 in the pathophysiology of heart failure had been unknown.12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. Here, CHI3L1 is linked to heart failure.