Experimentally inducing hyperinsulinemia via an extended period of exogenous insulin administration did not stimulate hyperandrogenemia in adult female non-human primates (Zhou et al. 2022) or adult female rats (Poretsky et al. 1988), although interpretation is complicated by the caveat that experimentally induced hyperinsulinemia can cause compensatory insulin receptor downregulation in relevant tissues, such as the ovaries (Poretsky et al. 1988). This evidence concerns the gene INSR and polycystic ovary syndrome.