Indeed, central androgen signaling in neurons and/or pituitary may play an integral role in causing PCOS, as evidenced by the protection against central and ovarian PCOS-like phenotypes afforded to mice with androgen receptors (AR) knocked out of these tissues in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)- or letrozole-induced PCOS disease models (Caldwell et al. 2017, Wang et al. 2019, Decourt et al. 2023, Ubba et al. 2024). Here, AR is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.