In immunotherapy research, blood-based biomarkers, including both tumor-derived markers such as blood tumor mutation burden (bTMB) and microRNA, and non-tumor-derived markers like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1), and soluble LAG-3 (sLAG-3), are becoming a focal point of study (11–15). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.