In contrast to this, STING pathway activation in cancer can be co-opted by tumors to promote their growth through the expression of immunomodulatory interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) like PD-L1 (25, 26), or through activation of non-canonical pathways activating NF-κB-dependent transcription of e.g. IL-6 that has been found to be associated with a pro-tumor response (27–29). Here, STING1 is linked to neoplasm.