Sporadic ALS and fALS-related TDP-43 mutants (i.e., A315T, D169G, G298S, and N345K) have been found to cause retinal degeneration in D. melanogaster to variable degrees (Estes et al., 2011; Estes et al., 2013; Ihara et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and retinal degeneration.