Elevated levels of TNF-α can increase free radicals (Cinar et al., 2019; Kutlu et al., 2020), and early studies have shown that luteolin can reduce TNF-α levels in sepsis and other inflammatory experimental models (Rungsung et al., 2018; Basu et al., 2016; Móritz et al., 2024). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Sepsis.