AKT1 and neoplasm: To augment our comprehension of ITGA4’s roles in tumor progression, analyses of the aforementioned nine hub genes via the GSCA database indicated their potential roles in regulating apoptosis, the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and key oncogenic signaling pathways including PI3K-AKT, RAS-MAPK, RTK, and TSC-mTOR pathways (Figure 4H).