OCT4, in conjunction with (c)-MYC, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and SOX2, plays a crucial role in the induction of pluripotency in both human and mouse somatic cells [48] and has been identified as a key factor in driving the properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), with extensive research highlighting its importance for CSC self-renewal and pluripotency [49]. Here, POU5F1 is linked to cancer.