Five school-aged patients (4%) could not receive normal general education due to IBD (with G-CSF/IBD treatment, n = 2; without G-CSF/IBD treatment, n = 1), recurrent infections (without G-CSF treatment, n = 1), and low intelligence (n = 1, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children score: 50 at age 13 years) (eTable 9 in Supplement 1). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and inflammatory bowel disease.