ATM and breast carcinoma: However, specific variants in these genes can also confer high risk; for example ATM missense variants, c.7271T > G (p.Val2424Gly) and c.7570G > C (p.Ala2524Pro), have been defined as high-risk alleles with 11-fold enrichment in European and 8.5-fold enrichment in Northern Finnish unselected breast cancer cases, respectively [13, 14].