This could be due to the use of larger implants in bigger animals.[33] In addition, compared to studies with enhancement of the scaffolds with CTGF, MSC, and/or bFGF, it is noted that the addition of estradiol has not led to herniation, tumor, or abscess formation.[16, 17, 19] This could be due to the location of the implant (abdominal vs vaginal) and the size of the implant. Here, CCN2 is linked to abscess.