Furthermore, macrophages play a crucial role in the destruction and restoration of periodontitis via their immune activities.25 Notably, the nuclear translocation of p65 is a crucial component of the NF-κB pathway.26 In bone marrow macrophages, we confirmed that following LPS stimulation, Bmal1- cells showed increased p65 nuclear localization and an upregulated expression of inflammatory factors, including IL-1β and IL-6. Here, IL1B is linked to periodontitis.