AKT1 and neoplasm: The activation of bypass signaling pathways refers to tumor cells supporting their proliferation and survival through the activation of other growth factor signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, MAPK pathway, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway, even in the absence of AR or androgen signaling (68).