In an in vitro study, the expression level of SGLT2 in renal cancer cell lines was found to be significantly higher than that in normal cells, and dapagliflozin could inhibit tumor growth by reducing the viability of renal cancer cell lines and regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis (49); a study in Japan showed that the expression of SGLT2 in clear-cell carcinoma was significantly correlated with a shorter overall survival, regardless of metastatic status (p < 0.01) (50). This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and clear cell adenocarcinoma.