TRPV1 and cancer: TRPV1 was found to be pro-inflammatory: TRPV1 is over-expressed in inflamed tissues (48), the use of TRPV1 antagonists or gene ablation attenuates the inflammatory response (49); TRPV1-expressing peripheral sensory neurons produce and release pro-inflammatory neuropeptides from their peripheral terminals, such as substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which subsequently cause neurogenic inflammation promoting cancer progression (50).