Moreover, HtrA-expressing C. jejuni was shown to facilitate co-translocation of commensal microbiota with otherwise weak transmigratory capabilities, such as non-pathogenic E. coli and Lactococcus lactis, which may represent a central mechanism that underpins the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Sharafutdinov et al., 2022). The gene discussed is HTRA1; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.