CDH1 and parasitic infectious disease: Of note, viral, fungal and parasitic infections have also been reported to disrupt the epithelial barrier function by targeting E-cadherin (Matthews et al., 2003; Krishna et al., 2005; Pärnänen et al., 2010; Su et al., 2011; Wächtler et al., 2012; Li et al., 2016; Osman et al., 2022; Phan et al., 2023).