Further evidence of decreased inflammation in the TD-curcumin-treated HbSS mice is indicated by a significant reduction in multiple cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2 (P < 0.05), IL-4 (P < 0.01), and IL-6 (P < 0.01), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1; P < 0.01), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (P < 0.05), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; P < 0.01), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted protein (RANTES; P < 0.05), vs. vehicle in the skin secretome that are associated with the SCD state (Fig. 7C). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and Schnyder corneal dystrophy.